Flying a drone in controlled airspace—areas around airports and other critical air traffic zones—requires specific authorization from the FAA. If you’re flying under Part 107 (the set of rules for small unmanned aircraft systems), obtaining FAA airspace authorization is essential to operate legally and safely within these restricted zones. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the process, including requirements, application steps, types of authorizations, and essential tips for approval.
Let’s dive into the details of what you need to know to obtain FAA airspace authorization for flying drones in controlled airspace and ensure that your operations comply with FAA regulations.
Also read my detailed article on understanding FAA Part 107.
Why You Need FAA Airspace Authorization
Controlled airspace encompasses zones around airports and other areas where high volumes of manned aircraft operate. The FAA strictly regulates these zones to maintain airspace safety, especially in regions such as Class B, C, D, and E airspaces, which can be challenging for drone pilots to navigate.
Without proper authorization, flying in controlled airspace is not only illegal but can also endanger manned aircraft and jeopardize public safety. FAA airspace authorization allows the FAA to manage and coordinate drone operations in these areas, ensuring that drone flights do not interfere with manned aircraft or pose a risk to nearby people or property.
Types of Controlled Airspace and Their Requirements
The FAA categorizes airspace into Classes B, C, D, and E based on factors like air traffic density and the presence of airports. Each class has different levels of restriction for drone operations:
- Class B: Typically surrounds the largest airports with the highest traffic volumes.
- Class C: Covers airports with moderate traffic, including some commercial airports.
- Class D: Encompasses smaller airports with control towers but lower traffic volumes.
- Class E: Covers additional controlled airspace areas, primarily around smaller airports or above certain altitudes.
Each class requires FAA authorization for any Part 107 drone operation. Understanding which class your operation falls under will help determine the necessary steps for applying for authorization.
Steps for Getting FAA Airspace Authorization for Drones
Here’s a step-by-step guide to navigating the FAA’s airspace authorization process:
1. Check the Airspace for Your Desired Flight Area
The first step is identifying the airspace where you intend to fly. Tools such as FAA’s B4UFLY app and LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability) allow you to check whether your desired location is within controlled airspace.
- B4UFLY: This mobile app is ideal for recreational and commercial pilots to quickly determine the classification of the airspace.
- LAANC: LAANC is a collaboration between the FAA and drone service providers, offering a real-time authorization and notification system that gives Part 107 pilots access to controlled airspace at or below 400 feet in specific zones.
2. Determine If You Can Use LAANC for Instant Authorization
LAANC enables instant airspace authorization in many controlled areas around the U.S., particularly for low-altitude flights. It allows Part 107 operators to apply for near real-time authorization and is available through several third-party providers, such as Kittyhawk and AirMap.
- Availability: LAANC is accessible at over 700 airports and their associated controlled airspaces.
- Process: You simply submit a request through a LAANC provider, including the proposed flight area, altitude, and operational details. LAANC will quickly approve or deny your request based on predefined criteria.
If your location and proposed flight parameters fall within the LAANC system’s coverage, this is the quickest way to gain authorization.
3. Applying for a Manual Airspace Authorization (When LAANC Is Not Available)
For areas or altitudes not covered by LAANC, drone operators must apply for manual airspace authorization through the FAA’s DroneZone portal. This is a longer process and may take several weeks to receive approval.
To apply for a manual authorization:
- Create a DroneZone Account: Register on FAA’s DroneZone website. This account will be used for all applications and drone registration needs.
- Select Airspace Authorization Request: Under the Part 107 section, choose “Airspace Authorization Request” and follow the prompts to input your flight details.
- Provide Detailed Information: Include details such as your operation's proposed location, maximum altitude, operational hours, and any safety measures. You may also need to describe your emergency response plan and operational risk mitigation strategy.
Pro Tips for Manual Application:
- Be thorough and specific in your application, particularly regarding safety procedures.
- Use precise GPS coordinates to mark your flight area.
- If possible, demonstrate any special qualifications or certifications that may enhance your credibility as a safe operator.
4. Submit and Await Authorization
Once you’ve submitted your request, the FAA will review your application. This process can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks, depending on the complexity of your proposed operation and current FAA workload.
- Check Status: Log into DroneZone periodically to monitor the status of your application.
- Approval: If approved, you’ll receive an authorization document with terms, such as specific altitude limits, operational times, and any additional conditions.
- Denial: If your application is denied, the FAA will provide reasons. You can revise your application and resubmit it, taking into account the FAA’s feedback.
Important Considerations for Airspace Authorization
Altitude Limits
Typically, the FAA imposes altitude restrictions on drones operating in controlled airspace. For most LAANC-covered areas, the maximum altitude is 400 feet, though it can be lower in sensitive areas. Always adhere to the altitude limit specified in your authorization.
Emergency Procedures
The FAA requires that operators have an emergency plan in place for unexpected situations, such as equipment malfunctions, weather changes, or interference with manned aircraft. Your emergency procedure should prioritize safety and be included in your authorization application.
Renewal and Recurrent Authorizations
Airspace authorizations are often valid for a set period. It’s essential to keep track of expiration dates and reapply in advance if you plan to operate in controlled airspace long-term. For ongoing operations, you may be able to apply for recurrent authorization to streamline future applications.
Tips for Successful FAA Airspace Authorization
- Plan Ahead: Allow ample time for the FAA to review your application, particularly if manual authorization is required.
- Prioritize Safety: Include comprehensive safety measures in your application, demonstrating your commitment to responsible flying.
- Provide Clear Flight Details: Use accurate GPS coordinates, list specific altitudes, and clarify flight times.
- Utilize LAANC for Faster Approval: If your operation meets LAANC requirements, it’s the fastest path to authorization.
- Stay Informed: Regulations can change, so regularly check for FAA updates to ensure ongoing compliance.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid in the Application Process
- Incomplete Applications: Missing information, such as unclear coordinates or vague safety plans, may result in delays or denial.
- Ignoring FAA Guidelines: Failing to meet altitude or operational limits, or operating outside designated hours, can result in penalties or revoked authorizations.
- Non-Compliance with Remote ID: From September 2023, drones operating in controlled airspace must have Remote ID capabilities unless flown in specific FAA-Recognized Identification Areas (FRIAs).
Consequences of Flying Without Airspace Authorization
Operating in controlled airspace without FAA authorization can lead to significant legal repercussions, including fines, penalties, and potentially being banned from future drone operations. It’s crucial to understand and follow airspace authorization regulations to ensure both legal compliance and the safety of all airspace users.
Future of Airspace Authorization and Emerging Technologies
The FAA is continually improving airspace management systems, and LAANC is expected to expand to cover more controlled airspaces. Future technologies, such as unmanned traffic management (UTM) systems, aim to provide real-time situational awareness, making it easier for drone operators to obtain permissions and operate safely.
As drones become more integrated into society, operators who understand and comply with FAA airspace authorization will be well-positioned to take advantage of emerging drone applications, from aerial delivery to infrastructure inspection.
Conclusion
Navigating the process of FAA airspace authorization for controlled airspace may seem daunting, but with a clear understanding and preparation, it’s achievable for any responsible drone pilot. By following the steps outlined above, using resources like LAANC for instant approvals, and prioritizing safety, you can legally and confidently operate in controlled airspace.
This authorization isn’t just about legal compliance; it’s a commitment to maintaining safe skies for everyone. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a commercial operator, understanding and adhering to drone airspace authorization is essential for responsible drone flight and is key to unlocking the full potential of your aerial operations.