Minnesota has specific drone regulations at the federal, state, and local levels. Whether you’re flying for recreational enjoyment, professional work, or governmental purposes, understanding these rules is essential. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of Minnesota's drone laws to help ensure safe and compliant operations in the state. From federal FAA requirements to local ordinances, staying informed can help you navigate the skies responsibly.
Federal Drone Laws in Minnesota
Federal drone laws apply nationwide, including Minnesota, and are set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). These laws include:
Commercial Drone Pilots
- Must follow the FAA’s Part 107 Small UAS Rule.
- Required to pass the FAA Aeronautical Knowledge Test to obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate.
Recreational Drone Pilots
- Must take The Recreational UAS Safety Test (TRUST) and carry proof of completion.
- Drones weighing over 0.55 lbs (250g) require registration with the FAA ($5 fee).
- Must adhere to rules regarding airspace, altitude, and keeping the drone within the operator’s line of sight.
Government Drone Pilots
- May operate under the FAA’s Part 107 rule or obtain a federal Certificate of Authorization (COA).
Note: The information here is for informational purposes and not a substitute for legal advice.
State Drone Laws in Minnesota
Minnesota has additional laws for drone operators:
MN DOT Aeronautics Rules (Chapter 8800)
- Requires commercial drone operators to obtain a $30 Commercial Operations License.
Minnesota Statute 360.59
- Commercial operators must hold drone insurance, with requirements specific to the aircraft.
Minnesota Statute 360.60
- Requires commercial operators to register their drone with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT).
- Registration options: Online Aircraft Registration Application or a downloadable form.
- Registration fee: $100 per year.
SF 550 (2017)
- Allocated $348,000 to study UAS use for monitoring ecosystems and moose populations.
Senate Bill SF 3074
- Search Warrant Requirements: Law enforcement must obtain a search warrant for drone use, with exceptions for emergencies, public safety, crash reconstruction, and other specified scenarios.
- Data Classification: UAV data is classified as private unless related to public safety emergencies or specific criminal investigations.
- Documentation and Reporting: Agencies must document UAV use and provide public comment opportunities before acquiring drones.
Local Drone Laws in Minnesota
Local jurisdictions may enforce additional regulations. Here are some examples:
Anoka County (2018)
- Requires a special use permit from the Parks Department to operate drones in county parks.
Town of St. Bonifacius (2013)
- Prohibits drones in all city public airspace.
City of Bloomington
- Prohibits drone operations in city parks without a special permit.
Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board (2001)
- Bans drones from taking off or landing on properties managed by the board without a permit.
Ramsey County Parks
- Prohibits drone operations in county parks without prior approval from the Director.
Agencies Regulating Drones in Minnesota
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
- Address: 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591
- Phone: 844-FLY-MY-UA (+1 844-359-6982)
- Email: UAShelp@faa.gov
Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT)
- Responsible for state-specific drone registration and licensing.
Recreational Drone Flying in Minnesota
Key Requirements:
- Fly only for personal enjoyment.
- Stay under 400 feet and within line of sight.
- Pass the TRUST test and carry proof of completion.
- Register drones weighing over 0.55 lbs through the FAA’s Drone Zone.
- Check airspace restrictions via apps like B4UFLY.
Tip: Recreational pilots should follow FAA-recognized Community-Based Organization (CBO) guidelines for additional safety practices.
Commercial Drone Operations in Minnesota
Steps to Fly Under FAA Part 107:
- Learn the Rules: Understand Part 107 regulations, including waivers for specific operations.
- Pass the Knowledge Test: Become an FAA-certified Remote Pilot by passing the Aeronautical Knowledge Test.
- Register Your Drone: Register with the FAA for $5 (valid for three years).
- State Compliance: Obtain a MnDOT Commercial Operations License, insurance, and register your drone with MnDOT.
Additional Considerations:
- Avoid restricted airspace, especially near airports.
- Use LAANC for real-time airspace authorizations when needed.
Why Fly Drones in Minnesota?
Minnesota offers picturesque landscapes perfect for aerial photography, from the iconic North Shore to the scenic Mississippi River. By understanding and adhering to the state’s drone regulations, pilots can enjoy their flights while ensuring safety and compliance.
For the latest updates or questions, contact the FAA or MnDOT, or check local government websites for specific regulations. Safe flying!
FAQs regarding Drone Laws in Minnesota
1. What are the basic drone laws in Minnesota?
Drone operators in Minnesota must comply with federal, state, and local laws. Federal laws are set by the FAA, while Minnesota state laws include requirements for licensing, registration, and insurance for commercial drone operators. Local ordinances may restrict drone use in specific areas like parks or public airspace.
2. Do I need a license to fly a drone in Minnesota?
Recreational pilots do not need a license but must complete the FAA's TRUST test. Commercial drone operators are required to pass the FAA Part 107 exam and obtain a Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) Commercial Operations License.
3. How do I register my drone in Minnesota?
Commercial drone operators must register their drones with MnDOT. This can be done online or through a downloadable form, with a $100 annual fee. Recreational drones over 0.55 lbs must also be registered with the FAA for $5.
4. Are there insurance requirements for drones in Minnesota?
Yes, Minnesota law mandates that commercial drone operators carry liability insurance. The specific coverage amount may depend on the type of drone and operations conducted.
5. Can I fly my drone in Minnesota state parks?
Drone use in Minnesota state parks is generally restricted. Pilots should contact the park's administration to inquire about permits or specific regulations.
6. What is the MnDOT Commercial Operations License?
The MnDOT Commercial Operations License is a state-required license for commercial drone operators. It costs $30 and ensures compliance with Minnesota-specific drone laws.
7. Are drones allowed in Minneapolis parks?
The Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board prohibits drones from taking off or landing on its managed properties without a special permit.
8. What are the penalties for flying a drone without registration in Minnesota?
Operating a drone without proper registration can lead to fines or legal consequences under both FAA and Minnesota state regulations.
9. Can law enforcement use drones without a warrant in Minnesota?
Law enforcement agencies in Minnesota must generally obtain a search warrant to use drones, except in emergencies or specific circumstances outlined in Senate Bill SF 3074.
10. Is it legal to fly a drone over private property in Minnesota?
Flying a drone over private property without permission can lead to trespassing or privacy violation complaints, especially if the drone is used to capture images or recordings.
11. Are drones allowed in Anoka County parks?
Drone operators in Anoka County parks must obtain a special use permit from the Parks Department.
12. What is the TRUST test, and who needs it?
The TRUST (The Recreational UAS Safety Test) is a mandatory safety test for recreational drone pilots in the U.S. It provides a basic understanding of drone safety and FAA regulations.
13. Can I fly my drone at night in Minnesota?
Flying a drone at night is permitted for both recreational and commercial pilots, but operators must use anti-collision lighting and comply with FAA regulations.
14. What are the airspace restrictions for drones in Minnesota?
Drones cannot be flown in restricted or controlled airspace, such as near airports, without prior authorization. Apps like B4UFLY or LAANC can help check airspace restrictions.
15. Do local Minnesota cities have unique drone laws?
Yes, cities like St. Bonifacius and Bloomington have specific regulations, such as banning drones in public airspace or requiring permits for park operations.
16. What is the maximum altitude for flying drones in Minnesota?
Drones must not exceed 400 feet above ground level, as per FAA regulations, unless operating within a waiver or controlled airspace authorization.
17. How do I get a special use permit for drone operations in Minnesota parks?
Contact the local park authority or administration office for the required application and guidelines to obtain a special use permit.
18. Are there laws about using drones for photography in Minnesota?
Using drones for photography is allowed, but commercial operators must comply with FAA and Minnesota state regulations. Avoid capturing images of individuals or private properties without consent.
19. Can drones be used near wildlife areas in Minnesota?
Drone use near wildlife areas is often restricted to prevent disturbing animals. Always check local or state regulations before flying.
20. What are the consequences of illegal drone operations in Minnesota?
Penalties can include fines, drone confiscation, and possible legal action, depending on the severity of the violation.
21. Are there specific drone laws for Lake Superior in Minnesota?
While there are no unique drone laws for Lake Superior, operators must follow FAA and local regulations for flying over water and near populated areas.
22. Is it legal to fly a drone in residential neighborhoods in Minnesota?
Drones can be flown in residential neighborhoods if they comply with FAA rules. However, operators should respect privacy and noise concerns.
23. Can drones be used for commercial delivery in Minnesota?
Commercial delivery by drones is allowed under FAA Part 135 certification. Companies must also comply with state-specific commercial regulations.
24. Are there restrictions on drone speed in Minnesota?
Drones must operate at a safe speed to maintain control and avoid hazards, as per FAA guidelines.
25. Do I need a waiver to fly in restricted airspace in Minnesota?
Yes, a waiver or authorization is required to fly in restricted airspace. Use the LAANC system for quick approvals.
26. Can drones be flown over crowds in Minnesota?
Flying over crowds is prohibited unless operators obtain a waiver from the FAA, demonstrating that the operation meets strict safety requirements.
27. What is the process for obtaining a MnDOT drone registration?
To register a drone with MnDOT, visit their website or submit a completed Aircraft Registration Application form along with the $100 annual fee. Ensure you also have drone insurance.
28. Are there any restricted zones for drones in Minnesota?
Yes, restricted zones include areas near airports, military bases, and some government facilities. Always check airspace restrictions using tools like B4UFLY or LAANC.
29. Are there height restrictions for drones in city parks in Minnesota?
Yes, many local park authorities enforce the FAA’s maximum altitude of 400 feet. Some parks may have additional restrictions, so consult local guidelines.
30. Do recreational pilots need insurance in Minnesota?
While not required by law, recreational pilots are encouraged to have insurance to cover potential damages or liabilities.
31. Can drones be flown during adverse weather conditions in Minnesota?
Flying during adverse weather conditions, such as high winds, snow, or rain, is discouraged and may violate FAA guidelines if it endangers safe operation.
32. Are drones allowed on private conservation land in Minnesota?
Permission must be obtained from the landowner or managing organization before operating a drone on private conservation land.
33. What is LAANC, and how does it help drone pilots?
The Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC) allows drone pilots to request and receive airspace authorizations in near real-time for flights in controlled airspace.
34. Can drones be used for agriculture in Minnesota?
Yes, drones are widely used for agricultural purposes, such as crop monitoring and spraying. Commercial operators must comply with FAA Part 107 and state-specific regulations.
35. Are drones allowed in national parks in Minnesota?
Drone use is generally prohibited in national parks, including areas like Voyageurs National Park, without a special permit from the National Park Service.
36. How do I report unsafe drone operations in Minnesota?
Report unsafe drone operations to the FAA through their online complaint portal or contact local law enforcement for immediate concerns.
37. Are drones allowed near power lines in Minnesota?
Flying near power lines is not recommended due to safety concerns. Commercial inspections near power lines require specialized training and compliance with regulations.
38. Can drones be used for search and rescue in Minnesota?
Yes, drones are often used for search and rescue operations. Law enforcement or emergency responders typically operate them under FAA guidelines and state laws.
39. Do drones need to be inspected before flights in Minnesota?
The FAA and MnDOT recommend pre-flight inspections to ensure drones are in safe working condition, including checking batteries, propellers, and cameras.
40. Can drones be flown over lakes and rivers in Minnesota?
Yes, drones can be flown over lakes and rivers, but pilots must ensure they comply with FAA and local regulations, especially near populated or restricted areas.
41. Are there noise restrictions for drones in Minnesota?
While there are no specific noise restrictions, operators should avoid flying in areas where noise may disturb residents or wildlife.
42. Are drones allowed for real estate photography in Minnesota?
Yes, drones are commonly used for real estate photography. Operators must hold an FAA Part 107 certification and comply with MnDOT commercial regulations.
43. Can drones carry payloads in Minnesota?
Drones can carry payloads, but the total weight must not exceed the drone's maximum capacity. Commercial payload operations require FAA authorization.
44. What should I do if my drone crashes in Minnesota?
Retrieve the drone safely without trespassing on private property. Report damages or injuries to relevant authorities and document the incident for insurance purposes.
45. Can drones be used for mapping and surveying in Minnesota?
Yes, drones are widely used for mapping and surveying. Operators must comply with FAA Part 107 and obtain any required state or local permits.
46. Are there drone restrictions near stadiums in Minnesota?
Drones are prohibited within a three-mile radius of stadiums hosting major events, such as NFL or MLB games, during and before the events.
47. Can I modify my drone in Minnesota?
Modifications are allowed if they do not interfere with FAA safety standards or MnDOT regulations. Certain modifications may require re-registration.
48. Are there any age restrictions for drone pilots in Minnesota?
Recreational pilots must be at least 13 years old to register a drone with the FAA. Commercial pilots must be 16 or older to obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate.
49. Can drones be flown in downtown Minneapolis?
Drone operations in downtown Minneapolis are restricted due to crowded airspace and proximity to restricted zones. Local permits may be required.
50. Where can I find updates on Minnesota drone laws?
For updates, check the FAA website, MnDOT's drone page, or local government websites. Staying informed ensures compliance with the latest regulations.
Conclusion
Operating a drone in Minnesota requires adherence to federal, state, and local regulations. Understanding these laws ensures not only safe operations but also protects you from potential legal and financial repercussions. Whether you’re a recreational flyer exploring the state’s beautiful landscapes or a commercial operator capturing stunning aerial footage, compliance is key to enjoying the benefits of drone technology responsibly.
If you’re ever uncertain about specific rules, consult with the FAA, MnDOT, or local authorities. Staying informed will help you maximize your drone experience while respecting others’ privacy and safety.
Disclaimer
This guide is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Regulations can change over time, and it is the responsibility of drone operators to stay updated with current laws and requirements. For official guidance, consult the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), or legal professionals specializing in aviation law.